Latent and Sensible Heat Flux Anomalies over the Northern Oceans: Driving the Sea Surface Temperature

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 859-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Cayan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sensible Heat

Sensible Heat Flux in Near-Neutral Conditions over the Sea

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1134-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mahrt ◽  
Dean Vickers ◽  
Edgar L Andreas ◽  
Djamal Khelif
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Weakly Stable ◽  
Weak Winds ◽  
Neutral Conditions

Abstract The variation of the sea surface sensible heat flux is investigated using data from the Gulf of Tehuantepec Experiment (GOTEX) and from eight additional aircraft datasets representing a variety of surface conditions. This analysis focuses on near-neutral conditions because these conditions are common over the sea and are normally neglected, partly because of uncertain reliability of measurements of the small air–sea temperature difference. For all of the datasets, upward heat flux is observed for slightly stable conditions. The frequency of this “countergradient” heat flux increases with increasing wind speed and is possibly related to sea spray or microscale variations of surface temperature on the wave scale. Upward area-averaged sensible heat flux for slightly stable conditions can also be generated by mesoscale heterogeneity of the sea surface temperature (SST). Significant measurement errors cannot be ruled out. The countergradient heat flux for weakly stable conditions is least systematic for weaker winds, even though it occurs with weak winds in all of the datasets. In an effort to reduce offset errors and different SST processing and calibration procedures among field programs, the authors adjusted the SST in each field program to minimize the countergradient flux for weak winds. With or without this adjustment for the combined dataset, the extent of the upward heat flux for weakly stable conditions increases with increasing wind speed.

The Behavior of the Bulk – Skin Sea Surface Temperature Difference under Varying Wind Speed and Heat Flux

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1969-1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Wick ◽  
William J. Emery ◽  
Lakshmi H. Kantha ◽  
Peter Schlüssel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Sea Surface

scholarly journals Seasonality of Decadal Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Northwestern Pacific

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2953-2968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Mochizuki ◽  
Hideji Kida
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Surface Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Budget ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Sst Anomaly

Abstract The seasonality of the decadal sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and the related physical processes in the northwestern Pacific were investigated using a three-dimensional bulk mixed layer model. In the Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension (KOE) region, the strongest decadal SST anomaly was observed during December–February, while that of the central North Pacific occurred during February–April. From an examination of the seasonal heat budget of the ocean mixed layer, it was revealed that the seasonal-scale enhancement of the decadal SST anomaly in the KOE region was controlled by horizontal Ekman temperature transport in early winter and by vertical entrainment in autumn. The temperature transport by the geostrophic current made only a slight contribution to the seasonal variation of the decadal SST anomaly, despite controlling the upper-ocean thermal conditions on decadal time scales through the slow Rossby wave adjustment to the wind stress curl. When averaging over the entire KOE region, the contribution from the net sea surface heat flux was also no longer significantly detected. By examining the horizontal distributions of the local thermal damping rate, however, it was concluded that the wintertime decadal SST anomaly in the eastern KOE region was rather damped by the net sea surface heat flux. It was due to the fact that the anomalous local thermal damping of the SST anomaly resulting from the vertical entrainment in autumn was considerably strong enough to suppress the anomalous local atmospheric thermal forcing that acted to enhance the decadal SST anomaly.

scholarly journals Parameterization of Urban Sensible Heat Flux from Remotely Sensed Surface Temperature: Effects of Surface Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxin Yang ◽  
Massimo Menenti ◽  
E. Scott Krayenhoff ◽  
Zhifeng Wu ◽  
Qian Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Effective Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Wall Surface ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Flux Parameterization ◽  
The Impact

Sensible heat exchange has important consequences for urban meteorology and related applications. Directional radiometric surface temperatures of urban canopies observed by remote sensing platforms have the potential to inform estimations of urban sensible heat flux. An imaging radiometer viewing the surface from nadir cannot capture the complete urban surface temperature, which is defined as the mean surface temperature over all urban facets in three dimensions, which includes building wall surface temperatures and requires an estimation of urban sensible heat flux. In this study, a numerical microclimate model, Temperatures of Urban Facets in 3-D (TUF-3D), was used to model sensible heat flux as well as radiometric and complete surface temperatures. Model data were applied to parameterize an effective resistance for the calculation of urban sensible heat flux from the radiometric (nadir view) surface temperature. The results showed that sensible heat flux was overestimated during daytime when the radiometric surface temperature was used without the effective resistance that accounts for the impact of wall surface temperature on heat flux. Parameterization of this additional resistance enabled reasonably accurate estimates of urban sensible heat flux from the radiometric surface temperature.

scholarly journals Evaluation of functional properties of various types of vegetation cover using remotely sensed data analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (Special Issue 2) ◽  
pp. S49-S58 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brom ◽  
J. Procházka ◽  
A. Rejšková
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Mean Values

The dissipation of solar energy and consequently the formation of the hydrological cycle are largely dependent on the structural and optical characteristics of the land surface. In our study, we selected seven units with different types of vegetation in the Mlýnský and Horský catchments (South-Eastern part of the Šumava Mountains, Czech Republic) for the assessment of the differences in their functioning expressed through the surface temperature, humidity, and energy dissipation. For our analyses, we used Landsat 5 TM satellite data from June 25<SUP>th</SUP>, 2008. The results showed that the microclimatic characteristics and energy fluxes varied in different units according to their vegetation characteristics. A cluster analysis of the mean values was used to divide the vegetation units into groups according to their functional characteristics. The mown meadows were characterised by the highest surface temperature and sensible heat flux and the lowest humidity and latent heat flux. On the contrary, the lowest surface temperature and sensible heat flux and the highest humidity and latent heat flux were found in the forest. Our results showed that the climatic and energetic features of the land surface are related to the type of vegetation. We state that the spatial distribution of different vegetation units and the amount of biomass are crucial variables influencing the functioning of the landscape.

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